Crusher



C.` A. WENDELL.

` CRUSHER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. l. 1919.

Patented Feb. 1, 1921.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL A. WENDELL, `OF RDCKVILLE CENTER, NEW YORK.

CRUSHER.

Specic-ation of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 1, 1919. Serial No. 314,732.

T0 all `whom it may concern:

` Be it `known that I, CARLA. WENDELL, a citizen of the United States, residing in Rockville Center, Long Island, New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Crushers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a machine particularly adapted for crushing coal, but also adaptable for crushing ore and other materials such as cement clinkers, lime for hydrated lime plants, packing house byproducts such as bone, limestone and also materials that have a tendency to pack such as ice, phosphate rock, gypsum, etc.

In the embodilnent of the invention shown the crushercomprises a rotatably mounted frusto-conical drum which is surrounded by a fixed shell so shaped and supported relatively to the drum that the space between its inner surface and the outer surface of the drum gradually decreases in area from the inlet end to the discharge end of the Crusher.v

The crusher has a discharge outlet extending practically all the way around the lower end of the drum aswell as one extendingl the full length of the side of the drum.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a Crusher having a much greater normally active crushing surface than the ones now generally inuse, anotherobject is to provide a *Crusher in which the lormation of fines is reduced to a minimum, another Objectis to provide a Crusher which for a given size will give a larger output than that attainable `with prior constructions, a further obj ect is to provide a crushler having an `outlet1all around the circumference of the crushing drum and also an outlet all along one of the sides thereof, a further objectis to combine and organize the various elements herein-shown and described so as to effectively perform the functions set forth, other objects will be` apparent from the following description and claims when read in connectionwith the accompanying drawings in whichv Figure l is a central longitudinal vertical section through the "Crusher, the driving mechanism Yand `parts of `the supporting structure being shown in elevation;

Fig. 2 is a section onthe line 2-2 of Fig. 1, thesupporting j structure being omitted Fig. 3 is a `fragmentary section on the line `Bel- 3 of Fig. `2:showingboth ,off the discharge outlets. i v

Referring-tothe `drawings a drum A is keyed or `otherwise secured to `a shaft B which shaft is driven by bevel gears C and C which in turn are driven from a pulley D which pulley is connected by means of a Patented Feb. i, v1921.

breaking pin al to its shaft E, this pin being of such size that it will be sheared oil' in the event of the material becoming wedged in the Crusher. The shafts B and E'are supported in suitable bearings carried by frames F and G which frames are supported on suitable girders H.

The-breaking drum A is of truste-conical shape with its small end uppermost, its outer surface is covered by plates a which may be removably secured to enable their being `replaced afterthey are badly worn or in the event of their breakage. These plates are roughened either by providing ridges or projpctions ontheir outer surface so as to ena le them to effectively grip the lumps of material being crushed.

The crushing drum A is surrounded by a fixed shell J having alining of plates j detachably secured to its `inner surface, these plates having either ridges or projections formed on their inner surface similar to those formed on the crushing drum. The bottom edge of the lining j is concentric with the drum A and spaced a short distance away therefrom thus forming a discharge outlet K which extends vpractically all the way around the periphery of the drum. The upper edge of theshell'J at the feed end L is substantially normal to the lower edge as shown inFigs. 1.andl2. `This upper. edge gradually extends inward towardthe axis of the drum as it approaches the outlet end "M, `this upper edge being substantially in the form of .a spiral as shown inFig. 2. Abafile plate Z is secured to theshell J to guide the` material to be crushed. i

The inner surface `of the shell is fsubstam tially in 'line from the top to the bottom edge thereof and itl will, therefore, be appreciatedthat this surface is graduallywinclined inwardly toward theaxis of the drum fromthe inlet to the outlet end. As thus arranged the cross-sectional `area `of the.`

the outer side of the drum will be greatest at theinlet end Land will be of a minimum j size at the outlet M, the cross-sectional area of the :intermediate spacefbetween said shell i and drum gradually decreasing at diierent l points toward the outlet end of theshell.

The crushing drum A is rigidly secured v Y to the shaft B by a key and pin or other l' movement of the shaft.

secure the screw Nin its adjusted position.

By this means it will be apprent that the sizeofthe discharge outlets lf and K may be varied thereby determining approximately the size to whichthe material will be crushed. Y

ln operation the material to be crushed is vfed in at the point L, the baffle plate Z serving to prevent the rough uncrushed stock from escaping and mixingfwlth the crushed material discharged from the outlets M and l. They drum is rotated in the direction of the arrow and the lumps are carried downwardly and around the crusher, the larger f lumps being gradually reduced in size, the broken pieces being permitted to drop to the lower level for further crushing and the fines immediately droppingthrough the discharge outlet K.

. Practically the entire outer surface of the drum A and the inner surface of the shell J is effectively used in normal operation when crushing'the material. |The discharge outlet K formed at the bottom of the crusher practically surrounds the drum and the second discharge outlet M extends the entire length of the drum. With such a structure the small particles or `fines can immediately drop to the lower levels and be'discharged through the outlet lK without choking up the crusher or vcausing the pulverizaton of said the crushing action gradually so that thev fines as happensin the typical forms of Crushers heretofore used. My improved crusher provides a very large effective crushing surfacev and is so designed as to apply lumps are reduced progressively to a smaller size :whileftraveling forwardly and down! wardly aroundthe apparatus. While this gradual crushing action takes place the "smaller pieces are always allowed to get i away from the larger material until it has been'reduced'to the size wanted and lumps lof thedesired size are continually discharged all around v'the' bottom opening K of the 'crusher as well as all along the' up and down opening M. j

It is wel'lknown that when washing coal,

' the fines are not'benefited by washing to the same eXtentasthe coarser sizes, and that the f. coa1,"say below l-inch, is, in fact, detrimental to good washing. Infsome coals these fines are -thevery best coal and can, therefore, bel screened off before the washing process and added dry to the product later on, but in many coals these fines are the highest in ash and sulfur.

When the run-of-mine coal has to be crushed rather fine in preparation to washing a very large percentage of this consists of coal below inch which is not benefited to any extent ley washing, and besides iu any case is undesirable as it has to be taken care of in the form of sludge when clarifying the water for re-use, all of which is expensive, and results in the loss of a considerable quantity of fine coal.

The ordinary two-roll or one-roll crushers are so constructed that all the coalfines as well as lumps intimately mixed together have to pass through a more or less narrow opening and with no means for letting the fines already crushed escape With the resultthat the fine coal is crushed up still finer,

The construction of the ordinary two-roll crusher is also such that only a very small part of the surface of thc rolls is actually engaged iu work and all the coal has got to be treated by this small surface or the immediate section around the opening between the rolls, which in itself also facilitates the choking up of the crusher. The length of this opening thus to a great extent decides the tonnage which can be treated per hour. Comparing a typical tworoll crusher having a roll diameter of three feet and a length of three feet the maximum effective crushing surface will be approximately six square feet and the discharge opening will be three feet in length. A crusher built according to my invention having the drum three feet high and a diameter of three and four feet respectively at the top and bottom would have an effective crushing surface of approximately thirty square feet and a discharge opening of about fifteen feet. It will, therefore, be apparent that the output in an equal period of a crusher built in ac cordance with my invention will greatly exceed that of the forms of crushers now in use. y

Though I have described with great particularity the specific embodiment of the invention shown it is not to be construed that l am limited thereto as changes in construction and substitution of equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What I claim isl. A crusher comprising a frusto-conical drum to form a discharge outlet of uniform size substantially around said drum, the inner surface of said shell being inclined at different angles to said drum at diferent. points in its perimeter.

2. A crusher comprising a frusto-conical drum having its small end uppermost, means for rotating said drum about a substantially vertical axis, a shell surrounding said drum, the lower edge thereof bein concentric with and spaced away from said drum to form a discharge outlet of uniform size substantially around said drum, the inner surface of said shell being inclined at different angles to said drum at different points in its perimeter and means for effecting a relative adjustment between Said drum and said shell to vary the size of the discharge outlets.

3. A crushercomprising a frnsto-conical drum having its small end uppermost and arranged to be rotated on a substantially vertical axis, a shell surrounding said drum, the lower edge of which is substantially con centric with said drum and the upper edge of which starts at a point normal to the lower edge and gradually extends inward as it progresses around the drum, the inner surface of said shell having projections formed thereon, the tops of which are substantially in a line extending from the top to the bottom edges of said shell.

4:. A crusher comprising a frusto-conical drum with a roughened outer surface having its small. end uppermost, driving means for rotating said drum, a fixed shell having a roughened inner surface surrounding the greater portion of said drum, the inner surface of said shell being substantially parallel with the axis of said drum at the end where the material is fed to the crusher and gradually inclined toward the drum as it approaches the discharge end Where said surface is substantially parallel with and spaced away from the inclined side of the drum, the lower edge of said shell bein substantially concentric with and space away from the lower portion of the drum to form a discharge outlet of uniform width substantially all the way around the drum, and means for adjusting said drum relatively to said shell to vary the size of the discharge outlets.

5. A crusher comprising a frusto-conical drum with a roughened outer surface having its small end uppermost, driving means for rotating said drum, a fixed shell having a roughened inner surface surrounding the greater portion of said drum, the inner surface of said shell being substantially parallel with the axis of said drum at the end where the material is fed to the crusher and being gradually inclined toward the drum as it approaches the discharge end where said surface is substantially parallel with and spaced from the inclined side of the drum, the lower edge of said shell being substantially concentric with and spaced away from the lower portion of the drum to form a discharge outlet of uniform width substantially all the way around the drum, a

. structure for supportnig said shell and said driving means, and means carried by said structure for adjusting said drum axially to vary the size of the discharge outlets.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

CARL A. WENDELL. 

